Movement of membrane across plasma membrane
| greater than it inside. | ||
| Filtration | Hydrostatic pressure forces small
molecules across selectively higher pressure to areas of lower |
A frog’s blood pressure
forces water and kidney tubules during |
| Active transport | Specific carrier proteins in the plasma membrane bind with molecules or ions
to help them cross the membrane against concentration gradient. Energy is required |
Sodium ions move from inside the neurons of the
sciatic nerve of a frog (the sodium-potassium |
| Endocytosis | The bulk movement of material into
the cell by formation of vesicle is |
|
| Pinocytosis | The plasma membrane encloses small amounts of fluid droplets (in a vesicle) and takes the n into the cell. | The kidney cells of frog take in fluid to maintain |
| Phagocytosis | The plasma membrane forms a vesicle around a solid particle or other cell and draws it into the phagocytic cell. | The white blood cells of a frog engulf and digest – harmful bacteria. |
| Receptor- mediated • endocytosis | Extracellular molecules bind with
specific receptor proteins on a plasma membrane, causing the membrane to invaginate and draw molecules into the cell. . |
The intestinal cells of a
frog take up large |
| Exocytosis | The movement of material out of a
|
The sciatic nerve of a
frog releases a chemical (neurotransmitter) |
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