Zoology
Zoology is the branch of biology in which we study animals
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS IN AMPHIBIANS Describe phylogenetic relationships of amphibians. How did amnoites and anamniotes lineages evolve? Write note on Salamanders. Write a brief not of ceacilians. Write note on Anurans. Write a brief not on adaptation in skin of amphibians. Discuss evolutions of axial
DEFINITIONS AND KEY POINTS FOR OBJECTIVES IN AMPHIBIANS TERMS DEFINITIONS Tetrapods The vertebrate with four legs are called tetrapods. Amniotes The vertebrate in which their embryo is covered by a protective membrane are called amniotes. Example: reptile birds and mammals. Anamniotes The
Answer of Question of Circulation Immunity & Gas Exchange Q. 26. What are the five types of respiratory surfaces animals use for external i respiration? An s. Protists and animals have the following main types of respiratory surfaces: i) Simple diffusion across plasma membranes
FURTHER PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN AMPHIBIANS There is a problem in amphibian phylogeny. This problem is the relationship among the three orders of modern amphibians. There are two hypotheses about the origin of amphihians: Monophyletic lineage Some zoologists place anurans, urodeles . and caecilians into
Answer of Question of Circulation Immunity & Gas Exchange .Q .13. Describe a double circulatory circuit. Ans. The heart and blood vessels changed greatly as vertebrates moved from water to land and as endothermy evolved. The principal differences in the blood vascular system involve
AMPHIBIANS IN PERIL Frogs and salandam are disappearing rapidly. We do not know the exact reasons of their disappearance. Some reasons are: 1. Local factors: Some local factors influence the amphibian populations. These factors are cutting of forests. It allows sunlight to reach at
EVOLUTIONARY PRESSURES IN AMPHIBIANS The lives of the most amphibians is divided into freshwater and land. Thus they show adaptations to both environments. The amphibians are supported by the buoyant of the water. They exchange gases with the water. They face the same osmoregulatory
Answer of Question Circulation Immunity & Gas Exchange Q.1. Why don’t protozoa need a circulatory system? Ans. Because protozoa are small, with high surface – area – to – volume ratio, all they need for gas, nutrients, and waste exchange is simple diffusion. However,
SURVEY OF AMPHIBIANS Amphibians occur on all continents except Antarctica. There are three orders of amphibians: Caudata, (salamanders), Anura, ( frogs and toads) and Gymnophiona (caecilians). ORDER CAUDATA (cauda, tail + Or. ara, to bear) The characteristics are: 1. They possess a tail throughout
AMPHIBIANS EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE (amphibia, living a double life) Class Amphibia includes frogs. roads, salamanders and caecilians. Class name shows that amphibians move between water and land. They spend one stage or their life in water and another on land. Amphibians are tetrapods. Term tetrapod
