BACK CROSS

The cross (a hybrid) with one of its parents or with an individual genetically identical to one of its parents is called back cross. This cross is used to obtained inbred backcross lines. Inbred backcross lines (IBLs) in plant are lines (i.e. populations) of plants derived from the repeated backcrossing of a recombinant line with the wild type. It includes some kind of selection that can be phenotypical. Repeated back cross ultimately gives genetic pure lines.

Examples

Mendel obtained heterozygous tall in F₁ It was heterozygous or hybrid. Mendel wanted to obtain its pure lines. Therefore, he crossed these hybrids with one of the parental generation (P₁).

Back cross of hybrid with homozygous tall (TT)

Backcross I

Hybrid tall                Homozygous tall

Tt                            TT

Ti’                Tt

Homozygous tall       Heterozygous tall

Back cross II

The progeny of Backcross I is again crossed with parental generation (P_I ). It gives following results.

Back cross tall (I) X Homozygous tall

TF                      Ti

rr

All tall are obt.^–;r-, . it means that pure line of that character has been obtained. It dos need further back crossed.

Back cal s tall (II) X            Homozygous tall

T

Ti                                      T

TT             , Tt

Homozygous tall         Heterozygous tall

This cross gives 50% homozygous tall and 50 % heterozygous tall. Both of these are again back crossed. One of its progeny will give pure line. Other will be hybrid. They are further back crossed. Each biek cross gives one pure line and one hybrid.

Back cross of hybrid with homozygous small (It)

Backcross I

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