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The movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration is called diffusion. Diffusion occurs down the concentration gradient. It is a spontaneous process. Diffusion continues till dynamic equilibrium is achieved. It follows laws of thermodynamics. But it is a very slow process. The
Mixing of table salt in water makes: (a) Mixture (b) Compound (c) Colloidal (d) Solution Which of the followings is electrolyte? (a) glucose (b) NaCI (c) sugar (d) Ether For example 10 gm of sodium chloride is added in 90 gm of • water.
What are solutions, solute and solvents? Ans: A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called solution. The dissolved substance is called solutes. The substance which dissolves a solute is called solvent. Differentiate between saturate and supersaturated solutions. Ans: A solution in which
TERMS DEFINITIONS Solution A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called solution. – Solute The dissolved substans Ice is called solutes Solvent The substance which. dissolves a solute is called solvent. Saturated solution A solution in which more solutes cannot
A heterogeneous mixture in which solute particles are larger than molecules or ions but cannot be seen by naked eye is called colloidal solution. A system which shows properties of colloidal solution is called colloidal system. Its example is clay in water or starch
The substance which resists change in pH is called buffer. Stable internal environment is maintained in animals. It requires a relatively constant pH of the body fluids. A strong acid or base can destroy cell stability. Similarly, opposite charges attract each other and form
The negative log (antilog) of hydrogen ion concentration is called pH. Hydrogen and hydroxyl ions affect the chemical reactions in the cells. Therefore, the concentrations of these ions in body fluids are important. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions on, the more acidic
Acid An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (in when dissolved in water. A hydrogen atom without its electron is only a proton. Thus an acid is a proton donor: HCI H + CI One molecule of hydrogen chloride dissolves in
The concentration of a solution is expressed by following methods: Percentage The volume or weight (concentration) of some solute is expressed in the percentage. For example 10 gin of sodium chloride is added in 90 gm of water. It is called 10% solution. Molarity
Electrolytes The substances that conduct electric current in aqueous solution are called electrolytes. Electric current decompose an electrolyte into its ions. The process of decomposition of electrolytes into its ions is called electrolysis. For example electric current is passed through an aqueous solution of
