abida Archive
THE CELL CYCLE The period from the time a cell is produced until it completes mitosis is called cell cycle. Cell division occurs during growth and repair processes. Cell cycle has following basic stages: (a) Mitosis: It is the division of the nucleus. (b)
Multiple Choice Questions MCQs: Four options are given at the end of each statement. You should encircle.one option from them. The first step of respiration is: (a) ETC (b) Krebs cycle (c) Glycolysis (d) Fermentation The end product of glycolysis is: (a) Citric acid
Describe the process of glycolysis. Discuss evolutionary perspective of glycolysis. Write note on fermentation. Discuss different steps of Krebs cycle. Draw Krebs cycle. Describe different steps of electron transport chain. Give number of molecules of ATP produced during respiration of one molecules of glucose.
TERMS DEFINITIONS Electron transport chain • The collection of molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is called electron transport chain Krebs cycle Krebs cycle is a series of reactions in which the pyruvate from glycolysis is oxidized to CO2. Thermodynamics
Th destructive chemical reactions (catabolism) of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle pe orm many functions. They constitute a metabolic pool. This pool supplies materials for synthesis (anabolism) of many important cellular components. Therefore, the balance between catabolism and anabolism is maintained. It maintains homeostasis
Cells are very efficient. They do not waste. energy and do not make substance which they do not need. Following process keeps the metabolism of different compounds under control: Control of anabolism Sometimes, an amino acid is present in larger amount. The anabolic pathway
ALTERNATIVE FOOD MOLECULES The catabolism of glucose is the most common metabolic pathway in cells. But animals also consume fats and proteins. These may be used to harvest energy. Fats Fats are built from long chain fatty acids and glycerol. They form triglycerides. The
A BALANCE SHEET T eukaryotic cell obtains a net gain of 36 ATP molecules from the breakdown of ach glucose molecule. 1. GI colysis: Glycolysis produces four ATP molecules. But two are used in the gl colytic reactions. The two molecules of NADH formed
The glycolysis and fermentation are inefficient processes. Thus the end product of glycolysis (pyruvate) still contains large amount of energy. This energy can be released by further oxidation. Free oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere of the earth as a result of photosynthesis. Therefore, evolution
Glycolysis is the initial step of catabolic chemical reactions. It occurs almost in all the cells. Six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules pyruvate during glycolysis. Pyruvate is a .three carbon compound. There is net production of two molecules of ATP during
